How To Grow Garlic: Complete Planting Guide

How To Grow Garlic: Complete Planting Guide

Garlic is such a great vegetable! It’s a star in the kitchen, it’s healthy AND it’s easy to cultivate, even if you’re a complete beginner. Don’t believe me? Then read on!
This guide covers everything from choosing the right planting time to storing your harvest. I’ll give you an overview of the different types of garlic and show you exactly how to grow garlic. Following these steps, an abundant harvest is inevitable!

Choosing your garlic

Hardneck vs Softneck

Garlic is divided into two groups: hardneck and softneck varieties.

Hardnecks, as the name indicates, develop a hard flower stem or scape, which is edible, as well. Hardneck bulbs form a single ring of large, easy-to-peel cloves around a central stem. Hardnecks are more cold-tolerant than softnecks, which makes them wonderful for planting in autumn, and they have a strong, sharp flavour. My favourite hardneck varieties are ‘Ajo Rosa’, ‘Deutscher Porzellan’ and ‘Chesnok Wight’.

Softneck varieties build a soft stalk and usually have a less pronounced flavour. They are better suited for warmer climates or spring cultivation. The garlic found in stores is usually a softneck variety, as these types are better suited for machine handling. Softneck varieties I like are ‘Thermidrome’, ‘Germidour’ and ‘Cledor’.

I recommend starting with hardneck varieties. They’re more reliable, produce bigger cloves, and you get the bonus of garlic scapes to cook with.

Even though its name suggests otherwise, elephant garlic is not a garlic variety but a leek relative. Nevertheless, it can be harvested and used just like real garlic.

Cloves vs Cormels

There are two different ways of planting garlic:

The first option is planting cloves. You simply put single cloves into the earth, and each clove grows into a garlic bulb. It’s easy and the fastest way to get a good harvest.

Option number two is planting cormels. When we let garlic blossom, it will build out tiny mini-cloves or cormels on the scape. You can plant them as well, but in their first year, they’ll only become a clove. This clove can be planted a second time, and then it’ll develop into a bulb.

Cultivating garlic from cormels is more cumbersome and takes longer to produce a harvest. On the pro side, you don’t have to sacrifice cloves from your harvest. I mostly choose the faster way of planting cloves, though.

Where to buy seed garlic

It seems easy to buy some garlic in the supermarket and plant it in your garden. However, supermarket garlic usually comes from sites in very warm climates. If your climate is cold, store-bought cloves won’t grow very well in your garden.

Furthermore, supermarket garlic is usually treated with a sprouting inhibitor to prevent sprouting in the market. However, this also keeps the cloves from sprouting in your garden.

If you must buy garlic for growing in the supermarket, go for organic garlic, which is less likely to have been treated with an inhibitor.

A better possibility to get good garlic seeds for planting is to look for local seed manufacturers. Their cloves are well-adjusted to your climate. Or ask friends who already cultivate garlic if they’ll give you a few cloves for planting.

I always set the largest bulbs of my garlic harvest aside and use their cloves for planting. That way, I develop and gather garlic cloves that are perfectly adjusted to my garden conditions.

Choosing the right planting site for garlic

Sunlight

First of all, select an area that gets at least 6 – 8 hours of full sunlight per day. Light shade is ok, but the bulbs and thus the yield will be smaller. The best position for planting garlic is on a south-facing bed without any tree shade.

Soil

Garlic is a bit fussy about the soil it wants to grow in. It likes a loose, crumbly, yet not too light soil that its roots can easily penetrate.

The most important factor for where to grow garlic is drainage. Garlic will rot in waterlogged soil, so good drainage is essential.

Garlic doesn’t like weeds (who does?), so make sure that the bed you want to cultivate garlic in is weed-free.

Also, mixing in compost won’t hurt as it’ll help to improve the soil structure, drainage and fertility. Fresh manure, however, is not suitable for the soil you want to plant garlic in, as it causes bulb splitting.

If your garden doesn’t provide good conditions for garlic, think about creating a raised bed. You can even cultivate garlic in planting pots.

How to plant garlic: step-by-step

If you follow this step-by-step guide, you’ll be rewarded with an abundance of garlic next summer!

When to plant garlic

There are two possibilities for when to plant garlic:

Autumn

Planting garlic cloves between the end of September and the beginning of November will give them a head start. They’ll grow until it becomes too cold, overwinter and restart growing in spring. That way, the bulbs will be much larger, and that’s why I recommend planting garlic in autumn.

Spring

If you didn’t plant garlic in autumn, you can still do so in early spring. Plant the cloves as soon as the soil is workable. Depending on your growth zone, that’s between mid-February to late March. Garlic needs some cold to develop bulbs and not shoot into bloom; therefore, you must plant it early enough to still catch some of the cold weather. Garlic that has been planted in spring will develop equally fine bulbs, albeit smaller ones,  that you can harvest the same year.

How to plant garlic

Soil preparation

Before planting, thoroughly remove any weeds from the patch as they compete for nutrients.

It’s always a good idea to add some compost to the patch to enhance nutrients and organic matter in the soil. You can also dig in manure, which should, however, be well-rotten, as fresh manure would be too sharp for garlic.

Loosen the soil a bit with a garden fork by digging into it and wiggling the fork a bit. That way, the garlic can set its roots deeply into the ground, and it may even be easier to harvest the bulbs in summer.

Both the compost/manure and the loosening of the soil support good drainage and soil structure.

Planting garlic

The easiest and most common way is to break up the bulb and stick the single cloves into the soil.  Use the largest and healthiest cloves – usually the outer ones – and leave the papery skin on as it protects the clove from rot and disease. Discard any cloves that are soft or squishy, discoloured, diseased or in any other way damaged.

The pointed tip must face upwards. That’s where it’ll start sprouting, and we want it to be able to sprout upwards via the sunlight. The flat, rounded end will produce the roots.

I recommend planting garlic in rows with a distance of 15 cm between cloves and 25 cm between rows. Within the rows, you make holes of about 4 – 6 cm (1,5 – 2,5 inches) for cloves, 1 – 2 cm (0.3 – 1 inch) for cormels. A dibble can help with preparing the holes. Put one garlic clove or cormel per hole and cover it with soil that you slightly press around it.

Garlic cloves planted in a row

Break up the bulb so that you get out the single cloves.

Garlic bulb

Break up the bulb so that you get out the single cloves.

Always plant garlic with the tip facing upwards.

How to plant garlic

Watering and mulching

A great advantage of planting garlic in autumn is that usually the soil is already sufficiently moist. That way, we don’t have to water the cloves at all. If it’s very dry when planting, water the rows with the freshly set cloves.

I don’t water my garlic after planting, but depending on your climate, it may be necessary to do so.

If you’ve followed me for some time, you know that I’m a huge fan of mulching. So, when I’ve planted my garlic, I put on a thin layer of mulch, either straw, dried leaves, well-rotted compost or grass clippings. When the sprouts show and the weather tends toward freezing, I add more mulch to protect the cloves from extreme cold and keep the soil moist and weed-free. However, garlic can develop fungal and viral diseases when mulched too thickly, so make sure that the mulch layer is not thicker than about 3 – 5 cm (1 – 2 inches).

How much to plant

As a rule of thumb, I calculate 8 – 10 cloves per person. For my family of three, that means about 30 cloves of garlic, which may sound much but doesn’t take up much space.

If you’re very pressed for space, garlic can be planted well between strawberries, carrots, parsnips, lettuce or tomatoes, where it’s more of a gap filler and needs very little space.  As a side effect, those plants profit from garlic’s antifungal characteristics as well as its repellent smell. If you want to read up more on companion planting and what veggies go well together, hop over here.

If you’re a beginner to vegetable gardening, I recommend starting with 10 – 20 cloves to get a feel for it.

How to Care for Your Garlic

Autumn (if Autumn planted)

2 -4 weeks after planting, green shoots will appear. When it gets too cold, the plants will stop growing and go dormant. Don’t worry, they’re fine, even though they have sprouted already.

Apart from removing weeds, you don’t have to do anything for your garlic. If it’s very dry, water it, but that’s usually not necessary. Cover it with mulch, though, to protect it from cold temperatures and drying out.

Winter (December – February)

In winter, the plant is dormant, and although there’s no visible growth above ground, the roots develop further underground. This cold period is essential for producing bulbs.

During this time of rest, you’ve got nothing to do. Don’t disturb your plants. After severe frost periods, you may want to check that the cloves have not been heaved out of the ground. If so, just press them back in carefully.

Spring (March – May)

When the air grows warmer in spring, scrape the mulch away so that the soil can warm up.

If you haven’t planted garlic in autumn, early spring is the second-best time to do so. As soon as the soil is workable, plant the cloves as described above.

Weeding

Remove weeds as they will compete with the garlic for nutrients and water. It’s best to weed by hand as garlic has shallow roots that can easily be destroyed by hoeing.

The leaves grow tall and lush now, and the plant builds up energy for bulb development.

If the soil is compacted, gently loosen it around the garlic plants to improve drainage.

Watering

Keep the garlic well-watered, especially as the weather gets warmer, but avoid over-watering it. Inconsistent watering can cause bulb splitting, that’s why watering a little but more often is better than occasional soaking. Always water at ground level and not overhead to avoid diseases. The best time for watering is early morning.

To check your soil’s moisture, dig in about 2 – 5 cm (1-2 inches) deep with your finger: the soil should be moist but not soggy.

Fertilising

A healthy dose of a light nitrogen-emphasised fertiliser, for example, stinging nettle manure or blood meal, provides nutrients in spring. By mid-May, you should stop all feeding, as it would lead to leaf development instead of bulb formation.

Pest and disease control

Keep an eye out for pests and diseases like thrips or mould. Remove ill plants immediately to keep pests and diseases at bay.

Scape removal (hardneck varieties only)

single garlic scape

These beauties are the scapes. If you let them on the plant, they’ll burst into bloom, which is quite a pretty sight and later on develop cormels. If you want to get large garlic bulbs, however, you must cut the scapes off.

If you cultivate hardneck garlic, remove the scapes (i.e. flower stalks) as they form so that all the energy goes into the bulb and thus enhances growth. The scapes are ready to harvest when they’ve made 1-2 complete curls and are still tender and flexible. You should be able to snap them off easily with your fingers. If you wait too long, they’ll straighten out, become woody and fibrous, and will be tough to eat. The best test is to gently bend the scape – if it bends easily, it’s perfect. If it feels stiff or starts to crack rather than bend smoothly, you’ve waited a bit too long (though they’re still edible, just tougher).

garlic scapes

The cool thing is that scapes are quite delicious themselves! They have a mild garlic flavour and you can use them like spring onions. Chop them into stir-fries, pasta or pesto, for example, or grill them whole as a side dish. Once cut off, they can be stored in the fridge for 2 – 3 weeks.

Common problems and solutions

We always hope that our crops go through the seasons without any problems and reward us with a large harvest. But although garlic is a very undemanding crop, some issues may occur. Let’s have a look and see how we can deal with them:

Yellow Leaves

If your garlic’s bottom leaves turn yellow in June/July, that’s perfectly normal: the bulbs are maturing.

If the problem occurs in spring, however, we’ve got a problem! Usually, the cause is overwatering or a nutrient deficiency.

What to do: Check if the soil is waterlogged. If it’s dry, feed the garlic with dissolved nettle manure or liquid seaweed.

White Rot

White rot is a serious disease! The first step is an early yellowing of the leaves and the formation of a white, fluffy mould on the bulb base. The bulb then becomes soft and decays, developing a strong odour.

What to do: Remove the affected plants immediately and throw them in the bin. Do NOT compost them!

White rot cannot be cured or treated, and it remains in the soil for 15 – 20 years. That means, if you get white rot in your garden, you can’t plant any alliums (garlic, onions, leeks) on that patch for at least 15 years.

To prevent white rot, you should only use certified seed garlic and practice crop rotation. Also, make sure your soil has good drainage.

Rust

When your garlic leaves show orange-brown spots or streaks, they have caught rust. It usually appears in damp conditions and is more common in softneck varieties.

What to do: Improve the air circulation by removing weeds and – in the first place – planting your cloves with enough space in between.

Rust usually doesn’t kill the plant, but you should remove all badly affected leaves. Do NOT compost them.

You’ll still get a usable harvest, but it may be slightly reduced.

Bolting (Premature Flowering)

While flower stems or scapes are normal in hardneck varieties in May/June,  you have to watch out for scapes that appear much earlier than that and scapes in softneck varieties.

The phenomenon is more common in spring-planted garlic and is usually caused by temperature stress or the wrong variety.

What to do: Remove the flower stems immediately (these you CAN compost). The plant will still produce a bulb, albeit a smaller one.

To prevent bolting, plant your garlic at the right time and choose appropriate varieties.

No Bulbs Formed

Usually, the cause for no bulbs forming is the wrong timing in planting. Garlic needs several weeks of low temperatures to sprout, which is why it’s best to plant it in autumn. If you’ve planted it either too late in spring or this spring didn’t have a cold period, the garlic didn’t get the trigger for forming bulbs.

Another, less common cause is that you fertilised with too much nitrogen late in the growing season. Nitrogen enhances leaf growth but not fruit (or in this case: bulb) formation.

What to do: Stick to autumn planting for reliable results. If you plant in spring, do it as early as the soil is workable.

Harvesting and storing garlic

When to harvest garlic

As a rule of thumb, garlic takes 8 – 10 months if it’s an autumn variety and 4 -5 months for spring varieties to become ready for harvesting.

We can harvest it, therefore, in June and July if it was planted in autumn and in July and August if it was planted in spring.

The exact timing, of course, depends on the variety and the weather.

How to know when garlic is ready to be harvested?

You know that the garlic is ready for harvesting when the bottom third to half of the leaves have turned yellow or brown, while the upper leaves are still green and start to flop over. The bulb wrapper must still be intact, and the bulbs should be closed. If you wait too long, the bulbs may open up, which reduces their storage time.

Don’t wait until the leaves die back or collapse completely. In that case, the bulbs will split and deteriorate, which, as a consequence, doesn’t allow them to be stored well.

If you’re unsure about whether your garlic is ready to harvest, carefully dig up one bulb to check its size and development. If the bulb is clearly defined and shows a tight skin, it’s ready.

Garlic bulbs

Harvesting

Choose a dry day for harvesting. Dry soil makes lifting the bulbs out easier and cleaner, and they can be stored for a longer time.

Loosen the soil around the garlic with a garden fork and pull out the bulbs. Clean up the garlic right on the bed by carefully removing the outer skin, which is usually already very loose. That way, there won’t be any soil on the bulbs, and they are ready to cure.

Harvesting garlic

Curing

Curing is an essential step after harvesting garlic. It dries the outer skins and seals the cloves, and by that dramatically extends the garlic’s storage life.  If you skip this step, your garlic will rot within a few weeks!

For curing, place the garlic into bundles and hang them in a dry, well-ventilated area for about two weeks. If you have a canopy at your house, a garage or even a balcony that’s protected from rain, that’s an ideal place. Just make sure that the garlic is out of direct sunlight, as that would cause bleaching and a degradation of the flavour.

If you don’t have a place to hang your garlic up to cure, however, you can always cure it lying flat on a rack or a slatted shelf. Keep the stems attached (they’ll dry down into the bulb) and don’t pile the bulbs on top of each other. Every few days, you should turn the bulbs to ensure that they’ll dry evenly. If you’ve got no place outdoors, cure your garlic indoors in a dry place (no moist basements!).

Depending on your curing location (and the weather, if it is outdoors), curing takes between 2 and 4 weeks. The garlic is ready for storage when the bulbs’ outer skins have become papery and dry, the stems are completely dry and brittle, and the roots have shrivelled.

Once your garlic is fully cured, you should brush off any remaining soil, but don’t wash the garlic! Then, either braid the stems if you have softnecks or bind the hardnecks together. Now it’s ready for storage.

braided garlic

How to store garlic

There are a few things we need to observe when storing garlic.

Optimal Storage Conditions

The perfect environment for storing garlic is a cool place with temperatures between 10 and 15 °C (50 – 60 °F). It should be dark or at least dim, because light causes sprouting. The place should have low humidity (about 50 – 60 %) and good air circulation.

These conditions are commonly found in a pantry, utility or spare room. I store my garlic in the basement, which is cool, dim, but thankfully not damp.

Storage methods

There are some ways to store garlic in such a way that it will last until the next harvest:

  • Mesh bags or nets
  • Putting garlic bulbs into mesh bags or nets is an easy method to store garlic, especially hardneck varieties, for the long term. The bags or nets provide excellent air circulation and make it easy to check on the bulbs. You can easily hang them from the ceiling or a shelf, and thus they won’t take up too much room
  • Braiding (softneck only)

Braid the stalks of softneck garlic while they’re still slightly flexible and hang them from the ceiling or a shelf in a cool and dry place. As with mesh bags, braids provide good air circulation and don’t take up much room.

  • Wooden crates or boxes

Put an old newspaper on the bottom of a crate or box and put garlic bulbs on it. The bulbs should not touch. Cover the bulbs with a second newspaper and go on layering the bulbs in the crate. Don’t stack them too deep, though. 3 – 4 layers is the maximum. This is a good method of storage for large harvests, but you must check the bottom layers occasionally and discard any rotten bulbs as soon as possible.

  • Paper bags

This is a good method for small quantities: poke some ventilation holes in a paper bag and put the bulbs in. You can hang the bag from the ceiling or a shelf if it’s not too heavy, or just store it on the shelf.

How NOT to store garlic

There are some mistakes in storing garlic that you need to avoid.

  • Storing in plastic bags

Plastic bags don’t allow for air circulation and trap moisture. Garlic will rot.

  • Storing in the fridge

Remember, garlic needs a cold period to sprout. If you store it in the fridge, you’ll imitate that cold period, and your garlic will be doing just that.

  • Storing in humid areas

High humidity and dampness will cause your garlic to mould and/or rot

  • Storing together with potatoes

Potatoes release a plant hormone in the form of a gas called ethylene. Garlic is sensitive to that gas and will start to sprout when exposed to it.

  • Expose garlic to light

Light, as well, stimulates sprouting, so keep your garlic in a dark or at least dim place.

Crop rotation

Crop rotation is essential for a sustainable gardening practice; it balances soil nutrients and thus improves soil health in the long run.

As with most vegetables, it’s not advisable to plant garlic in the same place year after year. Not only would it leach out the soil, but it would pave the path for pests and diseases. Instead, wait at least 3 – 4 years before replanting garlic in the same spot and don’t plant it where any other alliums (onions, leeks or shallots) have grown recently, this season or the season before.

Crop rotation prevents all this disease build-up (especially white rot) and breaks pest life cycles. If white rot appears, don’t plant any alliums there for 15 – 20 years.

Companion planting

Garlic is a member of the allium family and therefore mustn’t be planted near any other members of that family, like

  • Onions
  • Leek
  • Shallots
  • Chives or
  • Spring onions.

Many plants, however, are great companions for garlic. These are

  • Tomatoes
  • Lettuce and salads
  • All members of the brassica family (cabbage, broccoli, kale, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower
  • Pumpkins, zucchini and courgettes
  • Peas and beans
  • Root vegetables like carrots, parsnips and potatoes
  • Strawberries
  • Fruit trees or shrubs

Growing garlic in containers

If you don’t have a garden space, you can still grow your own garlic in containers. In fact, it’s quite easy to cultivate garlic without a garden bed, making it the perfect crop for people who only have a patio or a balcony.

There are, however, a few things you need to observe when growing garlic in containers.

Container requirements

The container you want to grow garlic in should be at least 30 cm (12 inches) high to give the roots enough space. The width is not that important; any size will do. The wider your container is, the more cloves you can plant.

Also, the material does not matter. Your planting container can be made from terracotta, plastic or even fabric; all pots work.

What is essential, however, is that the container has some holes in it to ensure good drainage. Garlic will mould and rot in moist soil, so it’s important that water can drain off quickly.

Spacing

When planting garlic cloves in containers, you must observe the same spacing as in a garden bed. Put the cloves 10 – 15 cm (4 – 6 inches) apart. If you just have small one-litre pots, put one clove per pot. In a larger pot with a diameter of 40 cm, you can put 6 – 9 cloves.

Container care differences

Caring for garlic in containers is slightly different from a garden bed.

For example, containers tend to dry out faster. For that reason, you must check the soil regularly, at best daily, and water if necessary.

Use a good-quality, multi-purpose compost mixed with 20 % perlit or grit for drainage.

Also, garlic in containers may need a light feeding in spring as the container soil has limited nutrients.

If you plant your garlic in autumn, which I recommend, you must put the container against a wall or insulate it if the weather gets very cold.

In general, put the containers in a place with full sun. Move them to track the sun if possible.

Apart from that, garlic has the same requirements as in a garden bed. It still needs a cold period to sprout, so leave it outside all winter. Planting and harvesting timing are the same as for garlic cultivated in patches.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I grow garlic from supermarket cloves?

Technically, it’s possible, but I don’t recommend it for several reasons:

First of all, supermarket garlic is mostly imported and mostly from climates that are very different from yours.

And although it may look good and is safe to eat, the cloves may carry diseases that you’d spread in your garden when planting them.

Lastly, supermarket garlic is almost always treated with sprouting inhibitors to prevent the bulbs from sprouting in the market.

If you want to experiment, though, choose organic supermarket garlic, which is less likely to be treated. You must understand, however, that the results will be unpredictable.

My recommendation: Instead of using supermarket garlic, spend 5€/£/$ (or whatever your currency is) on certified seed garlic for much better results.

Can I plant garlic cloves that have sprouted in storage?

Yes!

Sprouted garlic cloves from your pantry or storage can still be planted, and they’ll often grow just fine. The green sprout shows the clove is viable and ready to grow.

However, sprouted cloves may have used some of their stored energy, so they might produce slightly smaller bulbs than unsprouted ones. Plant them as you would any other clove, with the sprout pointing upward. Just make sure the clove itself is still firm – if it’s soft, mushy, or mouldy, discard it.

This is actually a great way to use up garlic that’s past its prime for cooking!

Why didn’t my garlic form bulbs?

Garlic needs 6 – 8 weeks of cold (0 – 10 °C / 30 – 50 °F) to trigger bulbing (i.e. the formation of bulbs). If you plant it in a mild spring or too late in spring (March is already too late) without a cold period, it will not form bulbs.

Another reason for no bulbs is that you fertilised your garlic with nitrogen late in its season. While it’s ok to add a little nitrogen in March/April, it’s counterproductive to do so later, as nitrogen promotes the growth of leaves over bulbs.

Lastly, maybe you harvested too early, and what looks like no bulb is actually just an immature bulb.

My recommendation: Plant in autumn for reliable bulbs. Spring planting is always riskier.

My garlic cloves are very small – what went wrong?

One cause for small cloves is that you planted your garlic in the spring. The season is shorter compared to autumn planting, and therefore, the cloves will be smaller.

Check your soil’s nutrients and adjust them accordingly. Although garlic doesn’t need much, insufficient nutrients result in small bulbs.

Another reason is spacing. It’s tempting to set the cloves closely together, but they need at least 10 cm (4 inches), better yet 15 cm (6 inches) apart from each other to form good bulbs.

Make sure you water your garlic adequately during its growing season, that is, from late spring onward.

If you’ve got hardneck varieties, remove the scapes. Otherwise, the plant will put all its energy into flower-making instead of bulbing.

Don’t harvest too early, but give it time to mature.

Lastly, choose high-quality seed garlic over cheap cloves.

My recommendations:

  • Prepare your soil well and adjust nutrients if necessary.
  • Plant your garlic in autumn and space the cloves adequately.
  • Remove the scapes from hardneck varieties and
  • water your garlic consistently.

Is it too late to plant garlic now?

That depends on the current month:

October-early November: Perfect timing! This is prime garlic planting season.

Late November-December: Still possible in mild winter areas if the soil isn’t frozen. Get the garlic in the ground ASAP.

January: It’s risky. I’d only attempt planting garlic now in very mild areas. The bulbs will be small, though.

February-March: When you’ve missed autumn planting, switch to spring planting. Plant your garlic cloves as early as the soil is workable.

April-September: Now it’s too late for spring planting. Use this time to prepare your bed and source quality seed garlic for October planting.

My recommendation: Mark your calendar now for October and don’t miss the window!

How much garlic will I harvest from one clove?

One planted clove will result in one full bulb. Each bulb contains between 5 to 12 cloves, depending on the variety. So, one clove becomes 5 – 12 cloves at harvest.

Hardnecks typically produce larger but fewer cloves, usually around 6 – 8 large cloves.

Sofneck varieties have smaller but more cloves, usually around 10 – 10 small cloves per bulb.

On average, you can calculate your harvest by multiplying the number of cloves you planted by 6 – 10.

My garlic sprouted over winter – is that okay?

Yes, that’s completely normal for autumn-planted garlic!

2 – 4 weeks after planting in autumn, the cloves sprout and the green shoots reach a height of 5 – 10 cm (2 – 4 inches) before winter. In winter, growth stops or slows down considerably, only to restart vigorously again in spring.

So, if your garlic sprouted over winter, this is exactly what should happen!

Why you should grow garlic

Growing garlic is almost a no-brainer. Stick the cloves in autumn in the soil, forget about them during the winter, watch them joyfully growing in spring and harvest them in summer. Garlic is genuinely one of the easiest crops to grow, and even beginners get great results!

The key factors to a successful and massive garlic harvest are making sure that the soil has good drainage and planting the cloves in autumn. Oh yes, and be patient. That’s usually the hardest part.

The satisfaction of harvesting your own bulbs is enormously motivating. So come and join the garlic-planting club! With this guide, you have everything you need to know about it in a nutshell. A bountiful harvest is almost inevitable – as are the envious stares of your neighbours.

Pickled Zucchini: From Garden Surplus to Flavour-Packed Treasure

Pickled Zucchini: From Garden Surplus to Flavour-Packed Treasure

If you grow your own vegetables, you can certainly relate: we carry the first zucchini of the season into the house like a trophy and celebrate cooking it with obsessive care. Zucchini No. 5 is watched with growing unease, and by the tenth, the family becomes mutinous, and we are torn between the urge to just let them grow out of control and the regret of letting them go to waste.

But here’s the solution, for I have the best recipe for pickled zucchini that will solve your zucchini overflow problem! With this recipe, you not only preserve an abundance of the green, yellow or striped varieties before they become baseball bats, but you’ll also create a flavour-packed treasure for the cold winter months.

Pickled zucchini

Yield: 6 jars of 1/4 l

Ingredients

2 kg zucchini of any size
1 kg bell peppers of any colour
0.5 kg onions, cut into rings
3/4 l apple cider vinegar
1 l of water
0.5 l apple juice
200 g sugar
4 tbsp salt
2 tbsp curry powder
1 tbsp dill
1 tbsp mustard seeds
1 tbsp peppercorns
juice of one lemon

Instructions

One of the many great advantages of this recipe is that you can use zucchini of any size.

Peeled zucchini

 

If they have really grown into baseball bats, you can peel them, cut them lengthwise into quarters and remove the mushy, seed-containing core with a spoon.

Remove the zucchini seeds with a spoon

Cut the zucchini, bell peppers and onions into slices of 2 – 3 mm (1/10 inch). This recipe requires no salting before pickling.

Sliced zucchini, bell peppers and onions for pickled zucchini

Mix the vegetables in a bowl so that they are evenly distributed.

Sliced zucchini, bell peppers and onions mixed in a bowl

Put the vinegar, water and apple juice in a pot and bring it to a rolling boil.

Add the vegetables and spices and let it boil for one minute. If your pot is too small to handle all the vegetables at once, you can boil them in portions and layer each batch in the jars after cooking.

Vegetables for pickled zuccini in the boiling brine

Fill everything in jars, fill up with brine, leaving a headspace of about an inch. Then close the lids tightly.

Once they’ve cooled down, you can eat the pickled zucchini right away. However, I like them best when they have had a resting time of 2 – 3 days.

After cooling down, you can store the pickled zucchini in a cool place (a cool basement works fine; alternatively, put them in the fridge) for up to one year.

Once a jar is open, you must store it in the fridge and consume it within 7 days.

How to use pickled zucchini

Pickled zucchini make a great side dish for a charcuterie or cheese assortment or as an ingredient in sandwiches and wraps. We also like it chopped up and mixed in potato mash to add a complex, salty and vinegary flavour. Or you mix it into an egg salad together with (pickled, fermented or raw) onions and mayonnaise.

Several jars of pickled zucchini
Angela Braun

Pickled zucchini

A quick and easy recipe to deal with the surplus of zucchini from your garden!
Prep Time 40 minutes
Total Time 30 minutes
Course: Preserve

Ingredients
  

  • 2 kg zucchini of any size
  • 1 kg bell peppers of any colour
  • 0.5 kg onions cut into rings
  • 3/4 l apple cider vinegar
  • 1 l of water
  • 0.5 l apple juice
  • 200 g sugar
  • 4 tbsp salt
  • 2 tbsp curry powder
  • 1 tbsp dill
  • 1 tbsp mustard seeds
  • 1 tbsp peppercorns
  • juice of one lemon

Method
 

  1. One of the many great advantages of this recipe is that you can use zucchini of any size. If they have really grown into baseball bats, you can peel them, cut them lengthwise into quarters and remove the mushy, seed-containing core with a spoon.
  2. Cut the zucchini, bell peppers and onions into slices of 2 - 3 mm (1/10 inch). This recipe requires no salting before pickling.
  3. Put the vinegar, water and apple juice in a pot and bring it to a rolling boil.
  4. Add the vegetables and spices and let it boil for one minute. If your pot is too small to handle all the vegetables at once, you can boil them in portions and layer each batch in the jars after cooking.
  5. Fill everything in jars, fill up with brine, leaving a headspace of about an inch. Then close the lids tightly.
  6. Once they've cooled down, you can eat the pickled zucchini right away. However, I like them best when they have had a resting time of 2 - 3 days.
  7. After cooling down, you can store the pickled zucchini in a cool place (a cool basement works fine; alternatively, put them in the fridge) for up to one year.
  8. Once a jar is open, you must store it in the fridge and consume it within 7 days.

Notes

Pickled zucchini make a great side dish for a charcuterie or cheese assortment or as an ingredient in sandwiches and wraps. We also like it chopped up and mixed in potato mash to add a complex salty and vinegary flavour. Or you mix it into an egg salad together with (pickled, fermented or raw) onions and mayonnaise.

That was easy, right? If you’re hooked on pickling now, you may also like this recipe for quick gherkin pickles.

How to Save Tomato Seeds

How to Save Tomato Seeds

Tomatoes are one of the most popular vegetables in the whole wide world, not only among gourmets but also among us gardeners. And there are so many varieties out there: from teeny-tiny, pinhead-sized beads to enormous, almost melon-like specimens, in colours ranging from the classic red to orange, yellow, white, green and even black. There’s a tomato for everyone’s heart. There are so many varieties, I’d either need a much larger garden or at least three lives to try them all. When I’ve found a variety I love, however, I want to grow it every year. But why invest in seeds for tomatoes you’ve already successfully cultivated, when you can save them from your own fruits? It’s easier than you think, and it’s so satisfying to be part of the cycle of seed, becoming fruit, becoming seed again. I’ll show you which tomatoes you can harvest seeds from, what to look out for and how to make sure that they germinate well next season.

Why save tomato seeds?

Apart from the magic and fun, there are many more reasons to save your tomato seeds:

Cost

One seed package with 6 – 8 tomato seeds costs around 3 €. Now, I don’t know about you, but I’m not known for cultivating only one variety. More like 10 – 15. That would be 30 – 45 € just for tomato seeds every single year! Ehm…. no. Especially not, when I can get hundreds of seeds for free.

Adaptation

Plants adapt to their growing conditions. So, no matter what your garden’s conditions are, your tomatoes will, within one life cycle (!), adapt to them. Seeds from the plants in our garden, therefore, are better adjusted to your microclimate than any store-bought seeds ever will be.

Moreover, plants become increasingly resilient over generations. When you save seeds from your healthy tomato plants, you contribute to their future health.

Variety Preservation

Many heirloom tomatoes are bordering on extinction, and there are also quite a few rare or hard-to-find varieties. By saving their seeds, you take an active part in preserving those precious tomatoes and making sure that generations to come will still be able to cultivate and taste them.

Understanding Tomato Varieties for Seed Saving

Now, do we just go out and save tomato seeds? Not quite! First, you must understand that not all tomato varieties can be propagated by saving their seeds.

Open-pollinated tomatoes

Tomato blossoms have male and female parts. The male parts (anthers) contain the pollen, while the female parts (pistils) receive it and produce fruits and with them seeds. That way, tomatoes can be self-pollinating, seeing that male and female parts are so closely together, but they often get help in pollination from insects.

“Open-pollinated” means that those tomatoes are pollinated naturally, either by self-pollination or with the help of insects.

The cool thing about that is that open-pollinated tomatoes always produce the same kind of tomato (e.g. an ‘Indigo Rose’ plant produces only ‘Indigo Rose’ tomatoes) and all seeds harvested from an open-pollinated tomato will produce exactly the same variety next season. They breed “true to type”.

Which is great for us seed-collectors as we only have to, well, collect their seeds to make sure we can cultivate the same variety next year.

Heirloom tomatoes

We speak of heirloom tomatoes when the variety has been cultivated for at least 50 years or was commercially introduced before 1940.

All heirloom tomatoes are open-pollinated, but not all open-pollinated tomatoes are heirlooms.

Hybrid tomatoes

Hybrid tomatoes are a cross between different varieties. They have been created to enhance characteristics we want, like flavour, size, pest and disease resistance, colour and longevity. Unlike open-pollinated tomatoes, hybrids don’t produce seeds true to type; instead, they revert to their parents’ genes, either recreating one of them or creating a tomato with different characteristics. Hybrid tomatoes, therefore, are not suitable for seed-saving.

When you look at your seed package and F1 is printed behind the name, it’s a hybrid.

Open-pollinated vs cross-pollinated

Cross-pollination means that pollen from one variety has pollinated the blossom of another variety. It doesn’t alter the fruits, but the seeds are no longer true to type. In fact, cross-pollination creates hybrids and, as we’ve learned, hybrids are not suitable for seed-harvesting.

To avoid cross-pollination in our gardens, we should plant different varieties at a distance of about 3 m (10 feet) from each other. Another good method for guaranteeing that our varieties stay true type is to cover them with a finely-meshed cloth once they show buds. When the buds have opened, carefully shake the plant so that the pollen can reach its destination.

A good method to help pollination is to use an old electric toothbrush that you brush across the blossoms. The vibration of the toothbrush loosens the pollen from one blossom and lets it fall readily onto the next one, thus fertilising it.

When tomatoes form, you can remove the cloth.

The crucial step: Fermentation

Saving tomato seeds is easy, but it comes with a little catch: to make sure that the seeds germinate well next year and do not carry any diseases, we must ferment them.

Tomato seeds are enclosed in gel casings. These casings contain growth inhibitors that keep the seeds from starting to sprout inside the tomato. Fermentation breaks up the gel casings and removes the growth inhibitor. If we used the seeds without fermenting them, the gel casings and with them the growth inhibitors would still be intact and prevent most of the seeds from growing.

In our garden, when tomatoes fall to the ground, they decay and by that break up the gel casings. Fermentation copies that process.

By fermenting the seeds, we also make sure to kill any seed-borne pathogens and only cultivate inherently healthy plants.

How to save tomato seeds

Step 1: Choose the right fruits

one larger red tomato and two smaller yellow ones

Choose tomatoes that are ripe and healthy and show all the signs you like in a variety, that is, the appropriate (or even larger) size and flavour.

You can use overripe tomatoes, but make sure they aren’t damaged.

Always use tomatoes from more than one plant to maintain the genetic diversity. Also, if one tomato plant turns out to have a disease, e.g. the blight, you’ll still have healthy seeds from another plant.

It’s best to use tomatoes from mid to late season as they have adapted better to your specific garden conditions and climate.

Step 2: Get the seeds

Cutting a tomato round the middle

Wash them and cut them open around the middle.

Tomato seeds in a jar

With a finger or a spoon, scrape out the seeds and the jelly they’re in into a jar. Use the now seedless tomatoes for a salad or pasta sauce, or whatever you like to do with them.

Step 3: Water

Add water to the jar so that the seeds and the pulp can be stirred. I usually add about two fingers of water. Cover the mixture with a cloth; it needs air circulation.

Step 4: Labelling

Never trust your memory, but label the jar with the tomato variety you’ve got in there. You’ll thank yourself later.

Step 5: Fermentation

 

Put the jar in a warm place. I usually put it on the windowsill, but you should make sure that the temperature doesn’t change too much. Avoid any drafts. Temperatures between 20 and 25 °C (70 – 80 °F) are ideal for fermentation. If it’s colder, fermentation will still work, but it’ll take longer.

fermented tomato seeds in a jar

Stir your seeds every day. Usually after 3 – 5 days (depending on the temperature), they’ll sink to the ground. A little time later, an opaque film will form on the surface and – I’m sorry to say – the mixture will start to stink abominably. Take that into consideration when looking for a fermentation place. The kitchen may not be the best option.

The good news is: all these signs show that fermentation has started!

Step 6: Rinse

The good news is that once fermentation has started, you can remove the seeds from the jars. Pour them into a sieve and rinse them thoroughly. Take this process seriously. Rinsing not only removes the pulp and the now dissolved gel casings around the seeds, but it also stops the fermentation process.

Put the seeds back in the jar and fill it with water. Any seeds that float on the surface after this final rinse are bad and can be discarded.

Step 7: Dry the seeds

Tomato seeds in a tissue paper, left to dry

Rinse the rest again and put them on a tissue paper to dry. I either use the scrap of a kitchen towel or half a paper tissue, but you can also use waxed paper, parchment paper, coffee filters or a mesh screen over a plate. Remember to label whatever your seeds dry on. Stir the seeds so that they don’t clump.

Put the seeds in a warm place, away from direct sunlight. A good place in my house is the top of the fridge. Make sure temperatures are not too high, or else the seeds will sprout.

After one to two weeks, depending on your drying medium, the seeds will have dried.

Step 8: Storage

To check if your seeds are completely dry, try to break them. A dry seed breaks in half with a snap, while a still moist seed will bend or rip. Once the seeds are completely dry, you can store them in paper envelopes, brown glass jars or plastic bags. Make sure the seeds are really 100 % dry, especially when stored in plastic or glass containers. Otherwise, the moisture will make them mould and rot.

Remember to label the seed packages with the variety and harvest date.

Store the seeds in a cool, dry place. They are usually good for 4 – 6 years.

Final thoughts

As you can see, saving tomato seeds is easier than it sounds, and it’s so rewarding. One year from now, you’ll be making a tomato salad from fruits that only exist because of your seed-saving efforts. And imagine the satisfaction of telling your friends and family that the tomato salad they’re eating right now is not only from your garden but also grown from seeds you saved yourself! Admiring looks included.

Start now, choose some tomatoes you like, even if it’s only one variety, and save their seeds. You’ll be proud of yourself!

Wanna learn more about tomatoes? This article is for you then:

How to plant, grow and harvest tomatoes in 14 steps

Seed starting for beginners: A step-by-step guide for growing healthy seedlings

Channel Your Inner Oma: Simple Homemade Sauerkraut That Actually Tastes Amazing

Channel Your Inner Oma: Simple Homemade Sauerkraut That Actually Tastes Amazing

Every autumn, there comes a time when my kitchen fills with the sharp, tangy scent of fermenting cabbage. Even though it may still be warm and sunny outside, for me, the season for winter comfort food has officially begun. Call it genetic programming if you like. I don’t consider myself to be a typical German. I usually wear jeans and a shirt (I don’t even own a Dirndl), I’ve never been to the Oktoberfest, and I’ve got a fair sense of humour, if I may say so myself. When it comes to Sauerkraut, however, my German DNA takes over completely.

Whether I’m piling it alongside creamy mashed potatoes for the ultimate comfort meal, tucking it into a flaky strudel, or serving it as an elegant wine-braised side dish (yes, with sausages – some clichés exist for good reasons!), there’s simply no surviving a German winter without proper sauerkraut. And after years of mediocre store-bought versions, I discovered something wonderful: making your own is ridiculously simple.

You only need cabbage, salt, and a little patience to create sauerkraut that’s tangier, crunchier, and infinitely more satisfying than anything from a jar. Plus, there’s nothing more gratifying than watching this ancient preservation method work its magic right on your countertop. Ready to channel your inner German Oma and work some cabbage magic? Here’s everything you need to know.

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What You Need For Homemade Sauerkraut

Cabbage head on wooden board with knife, kraut slicer and tamper in the background

Once you see how simple it is to make sauerkraut and how little you need for it, you’re gonna ask yourself why you haven’t done that long before.

Equipment

I promise you’ll already have every equipment item in your kitchen!

Essential equipment for beginners

You need a wooden board and a sharp knife to slice the cabbage.

Once you’ve done so, you need a large bowl to put the cabbage slices in and mix them with salt.

For the fermentation process, take some jars with lids. Twist-off caps are fine, but even better are jars with rubber rings and a glass lid.

To keep all the kraut slices under the brine, you need weights. If you’re just starting, you can fill freezer bags with water (about a quarter full, depending on the bag size), close them and use them as weights.

Optional but helpful tools

Wooden kraut slicer and tamper

If you intend to make large batches of sauerkraut, you may want to think about buying a kraut slicer, which is a real game-changer when it comes to slicing cabbage heads.

Another great gadget for making sauerkraut is a kraut tamper, kind of a wooden club on a long stick. Optionally, you can use a (clean) bottle.
You’ll find kraut slicers and tampers in every well-assorted German hardware store (which I highly recommend visiting when you are in Germany!) or on the internet.

For the fermentation process, you can use the aforementioned jars or a large sauerkraut pot.

Sauerkraut pots usually come with two halves of a clay weight; for jars, there are good glass weights you can buy.

Ingredients

For the classic version of homemade sauerkraut, you only need cabbage and salt. Make sure the salt doesn’t contain any additives like anti-caking agents, iodine or others. I like to use sea or rock salt.

Instructions For Homemade Sauerkraut

First of all, sterilise the sauerkraut pot or the jars and lids. You can read up here on how to do that properly.

Preparing the cabbage

Cut the cabbage head lengthwise in half and quarter it. Remove the outer leaves and put them to the side; we’ll need them later.

Halved and quartered cabbage head

Now you can generously cut off the stalk part, which is too hard (and bland) to make sauerkraut from.

Cabbage quarter with the stem cut out

Weigh the cabbage.

Finely slice the cabbage quarters, either with a knife, in the food processor or with your kraut slicer.

Slicing a cabbage quarter with a kraut slicer

Put the cabbage slices in a large bowl.

Cabbage slices in a bowl

Kneading and Packing

Now, add salt to the cabbage, about 1 tablespoon of salt per 1.5 kilograms of cabbage.

Adding salt to cabbage slices in a bowl

Roughly mix the salt into the slices and taste them. It should be salty but not oversalted.

Now, start kneading the cabbage slices thoroughly to break open the cell structure of the cabbage slices and knead the salt in. This takes some time; the larger the amount of cabbage, the longer. The slices will lose volume during this process, they’ll lose their usually opaque appearance and become glassy, and brine will form. If you can’t for the life of you squeeze out enough liquid from the cabbage – after a fair amount of wrestling with it, of course – cover the bowl, let it rest for 45 minutes and knead it again.

Put a handful of the cabbage into the kraut pot or a jar and press it thoroughly down with your fists, a clean bottle or the kraut tamper.

Pressing kraut slices into a jar with a wooden kraut tamper

It’s important to apply sufficient pressure to get all the air bubbles out. Fermentation only works without oxygen, so if there’s air in the jars, the kraut will spoil.
While pressing, you can see the brine welling up.

Alternately, add cabbage and press it in with the bottle or tamper until the pot or jar is full. Leave room to the edge of about 2 cm (1 inch). I know that some people recommend leaving more room in the jars, but I found that the risk of spoilage due to too much residual oxygen in the glass, even after fermentation, is higher.

Now, take one of the outer cabbage leaves you put aside earlier, rinse it and cut it so that it can cover the cabbage in the jar.

Homemade sauerkraut in a jar, covered with a cabbage leave

Put a weight on top and thus fix the cabbage slices under the brine.

Adding a weight to a jar of homemade sauerkraut to keep the cabbage slices under the brine

The Fermentation Process

Close the pot or jars with their lids and put them on a baking tray.

Put the jars in a place without direct sunlight and at temperatures between 15 and 22°C (60 – 70 °F). After a few days, the brine begins to bubble and foam, and it usually presses out of the jars. Now’s the time when you’re glad you put the jars on a baking tray.

Sauerkraut in a jar, bubbling over. One can see bubbles at the rim and overflowed brine.

Let the cabbage ferment for about 5 – 7 days (the colder the place, the longer the fermentation process takes, which can be up to 14 days). Check the jars daily and fill up with brine if necessary. For that purpose, mix 1/2 l of water with 15 g of salt and stir it until the salt has dissolved.

Storage

You can either taste the sauerkraut and – when it’s to your liking – store it in a cooler place of about 8 – 12 °C (45 – 55 °F) or you wait until the initial process of bubbling over is finished and put it in a cooler place then.

Closed jars can be stored at a cool and dark (but not necessarily pitch black) place for up to one year.

Once you’ve opened a jar, keep it in the fridge and consume the sauerkraut within 1 – 2 weeks.

Homemade sauerkraut in a glass jar
Angela Braun

Traditional Sauerkraut

A simple, down-to-earth recipe for traditional sauerkraut.
Prep Time 30 minutes
Time to ferment 5 days
Course: Preserve
Cuisine: German

Ingredients
  

  • 1.5 kg white cabbage (1 - 2 heads)
  • 1 tbsp sea salt without additives or anticaking agents

Equipment

  • Cutting board
  • Sharp knife or a food processor or kraut slicer
  • large bowl
  • Kraut tamper or a clean bottle or just your fist
  • Jars with lids or
  • Sauerkraut pot
  • Weights

Method
 

  1. Sterilize the sauerkraut pot or the jars and lids. You can read up here, how to do that properly.
  2. Cut the cabbage head lengthwise in half and quarter it. Remove the outer leaves and put them to the side; we'll need them later.
  3. Now you can generously cut off the stalk part, which is too hard (and bland) to make sauerkraut from. Weigh the cabbage.
  4. Finely slice the cabbage quarters, either with a knife, in the food processor or with your kraut slicer.
  5. Put the cabbage slices in a large bowl.
  6. Now, add salt to the cabbage, roughly 1 tablespoon of salt per 1.5 kilograms of cabbage.
  7. Roughly mix the salt into the slices and taste them. It should be salty but not oversalted.
  8. Start kneading the cabbage slices thoroughly to break open the cell structure and knead the salt in. This takes some time; the larger the amount of cabbage, the longer. The slices will lose volume during this process, lose their usually opaque appearance and become glassy, and brine will form. If you can't for the life of you squeeze out enough liquid from the cabbage - after a fair amount of wrestling with it, of course - cover the bowl, let it rest for 45 minutes and knead it again.
  9. Put a handful of the cabbage into the kraut pot or a jar and press it thoroughly down with your fists, a clean bottle or the kraut tamper. It's important to apply sufficient pressure to get all the air bubbles out. Fermentation only works without oxygen, so if there's air in the jars, the kraut will spoil. While pressing you can see the brine welling up.
  10. Alternately add cabbage and press it in with the bottle or tamper until the pot or jar is full. Leave room to the edge of about 2 cm (1 inch). I know that some people recommend leaving more room in the jars but I found that the risk of spoilage due to too much residual oxygen in the glass, even after fermentation, is higher.
  11. Now, take one of the outer cabbage leaves you put aside earlier, rinse it and cut it so that it can cover the cabbage in the jar. Put a weight on top and thus fix the cabbage slices under the brine.
  12. Close the jar with a lid but don't screw it too tightly. When the fermentation process starts, it's likely the brine bubbles out of the jar and that works best when the lid is still a bit loose.
  13. Put the jars in a place without direct sunlight and at temperatures between 15 and 22°C (60 - 70 °F). After a few days, the brine begins to bubble and foam, and it usually presses out of the jars. Now's the time when you're glad you put the jars on a baking tray.
  14. Let the cabbage ferment for about 5 - 7 days (the colder the place, the longer the fermentation process takes, which can be up to 14 days). Check the jars daily and fill up with brine if necessary.
  15. You can either taste the kraut and - when it's to your liking - store it in a cooler place of about 8 - 12 °C (45 - 55 °F) or you wait until the initial process of bubbling over is finished and put it in a cooler place then.

Notes

Closed jars can be stored in a cool, dark (but not necessarily pitch-black) place for up to one year.
Once you've opened a jar, put it in the fridge and consume it within 1 - 2 weeks.

I could imagine that you feel a bit amazed now that you see how easy it is to make sauerkraut at home, right? Just like a conjurer revealing his tricks, I hope I’ve shown you that there’s actually not much to it – it really is this simple: Slice some cabbage, mix it with salt, knead it until liquid starts coming out, fill it into jars and let nature do the rest. So, what are you waiting for? Grab your cabbage heads and some jars and start making sauerkraut. Your inner Oma will dance with joy.

Already hooked on fermenting? Then these recipes are for you!

Mastering fermented gherkins

Fermented radishes

From Orchard to Jar: 4 Heavenly Pear Jam Variations

From Orchard to Jar: 4 Heavenly Pear Jam Variations

Although it’s still August – well, the end of August to be exact – we can already see the first signs of autumn around here: early morning mists, slightly shorter days and the first pears that are ready to be harvested! A few days ago, my dear colleague Bernadette came round and brought two buckets full of pears. Some of them were picked and unblemished -they will last a bit. But the others have fallen from the tree and have bruises. Those had to be processed as soon as possible. I chose to make jam from them, and although I love the classic pear jam, I didn’t want to make a large batch of just that one type. So, I got creative and paired the pears with different ingredients for warm and spicy as well as fresh and bright variations. They all turned out great!

(New to jam making? Check out my complete guide to classic pear jam first, then come back for these exciting variations!)

But I don’t want to keep these heavenly recipes all to myself😊. Here are my pear jam variations:

Pear Jam with Spices

This recipe makes for a wonderfully soft and velvety pear jam. The combination of vanilla, ginger and cardamom adds a warm, yet zesty flavour. A great spread for an autumn breakfast.

Pear jam with vanilla, spices and ginger

Pear jam with vanilla, spices and ginger
Angela Braun

Pear Jam with Spices

A wonderfully velvety pear jam with warm spices
Prep Time 20 minutes
Cook Time 4 minutes
Resting time 3 hours
Total Time 3 hours 24 minutes
Course: Preserve

Ingredients
  

  • 1 kg pears net weight
  • 500 g sugar or jam sugar
  • 1 sachet pectin only if you use normal sugar; leave out if you use jam sugar
  • 2 lemons
  • 1/2 vanilla pod
  • 1/4 tsp ground cardamom
  • 1/2 tsp dried ground ginger

Method
 

  1. Prepare your jars by washing them and the lids with hot water and let them cool on a towel or drying rack.
  2. Wash the pears, peel them and cut them into quarters. Then weigh them.
  3. Cut the pear quarters lengthwise into 2 - 3 slices and chop them finely.
  4. Put the chopped pears in a pot, mix them with sugar and add the cardamom and ginger.
  5. Slice open the vanilla pod and scrape the seeds out. Put the seeds as well as the pod into the pot with the pears.
  6. Squeeze the lemons.
  7. Mix the pears with the sugar, lemon juice and spices and let it all rest for at least 3 hours (you can also let it rest overnight). During that time, juice will form.
  8. Heat the mixture while constantly stirring to prevent it from burning.
  9. When the pears have come to a rolling boil, let it all cook rapidly for 4 minutes.
  10. Pour the jam in jars and immediately close the lids tightly.
  11. Once it's cool, the jam is ready for consumption.

Notes

This is a recipe for a soft pear jam with warm spices and can be stored for up to one year.

Pear Jam with Rosemary

If you like tarte flambée with goat cheese, pears and rosemary, you’ll love this recipe! The combination with pears and rosemary works wonderfully and doesn’t taste too “herbally”. It has a flavour that brings back summer, and as with the tarte flambée, pear jam with rosemary is a great addition to a cheese board.

Rosemary pear jam

Rosemary pear jam
Angela Braun

Pear Jam with Rosemary

A fresh pear jam variation that brings back summer with the unique rosemary pairing.
Prep Time 20 minutes
Cook Time 4 minutes
Resting time 3 hours
Total Time 3 hours 24 minutes
Course: Preserve

Ingredients
  

  • 1 kg pears net weight
  • 500 g sugar or jam sugar
  • 1 sachet pectin only if you use normal sugar; leave out if you use jam sugar
  • 2 lemons
  • 3 tbsp finely cut rosemary

Method
 

  1. Prepare your jars by washing them and the lids with hot water, let them cool on a towel or drying rack.
  2. Wash the pears, peel and core them and cut them into quarters. Then weigh them.
  3. Cut he pear quarters lengthwise into 2 - 3 slices and chop them finely.
  4. Squeeze the lemons.
  5. Finely chop the rosemary.
  6. Put the chopped pears in a pot, mix them with sugar, lemon juice and rosemary and let the mixture rest for at least 3 hours (you can also let it rest overnight).
  7. After resting, heat the mixture up and stir constantly to prevent it from burning.
  8. When it all boils, let it cook rapidly for 4 minutes.
  9. Pour the jam in jars and immediately close the lids tightly.

Pear Jam with Riesling

With this pear jam variation, you’ll certainly impress everyone! Pears go very well with white wine, which adds a subtle fruitiness and depth. For this recipe, I’ve chosen a dry Riesling. You can, of course, use any other white wine as long as it’s dry. It will alter the taste, though.

Pear jam with Riesling

A word of warning: This is not for children! Part of the alcohol in this recipe will evaporate during cooking, but maybe not all.

Pear jam with Riesling
Angela Braun

Pear Jam with Riesling

The Riesling adds a subtle fruitiness and depth to this pear jam.
Prep Time 20 minutes
Cook Time 4 minutes
Resting time 3 hours
Total Time 3 hours 24 minutes
Course: Preserve

Ingredients
  

  • 750 g pears net weight
  • 250 ml Riesling or another dry white wine
  • 500 g sugar or jam sugar
  • 1 sachet pectin only if you use normal sugar; if you use jam sugar leave the pectin off

Method
 

  1. Prepare your jars by washing them and the lids with hot water and let them cool on a towel or drying rack.
  2. Wash the pears, peel and core them and cut them into quarters. Then weigh them.
  3. Cut the pear quarters lengthwise into 2 - 3 slices and chop them finely.
  4. Put the chopped pears in a pot, mix them with the sugar, pectin (if needed) and the Riesling.
  5. Mix it all and let it rest for at least 3 hours (you can also let it rest overnight).
  6. Heat the mixture up while constantly stirring to prevent it from burning.
  7. When the mixture has come to a rolling boil, set your timer and let it all cook rapidly for 4 minutes.
  8. Pour the jam in jars and immediately close the lids tightly.
  9. Once it's cool, the jam is ready for consumption.

Notes

This is not a recipe for children! Part of the alcohol in this recipe will evaporate during cooking, but maybe not all.

Pear-Blueberry Jam with Cinnamon

Now this pear jam variation is definitely (but not only) for children! If you had to keep your offspring away from the Riesling jam, offer them this pear-blueberry jam with cinnamon instead. They’ll love it. And with the (late) summer blueberries, the autumn pears and wintery cinnamon, we combine three seasons in one jar.

Pear jam with blueberries and cinnamon

Pear jam with blueberries and cinnamon
Angela Braun

Pear-Blueberry Jam with Cinnamon

Three seasons in a jar that will not only delight children!
Prep Time 20 minutes
Cook Time 4 minutes
Resting 3 hours
Total Time 3 hours 24 minutes
Course: Preserve

Ingredients
  

  • 500 g pears net weight
  • 500 g blueberries
  • 500 g sugar or jam sugar
  • 1 sachet pectin only if you use normal sugar; if you use jam sugar, leave the pectin off
  • 1 tbsp ground cinnamon
  • 2 lemons

Method
 

  1. Prepare the jars by washing them and the lids with hot water and let them cool on a towel or drying rack.
  2. Wash the pears, peel and core them, and cut them into quarters. Then weigh them.
  3. Cut the pear quarters lengthwise into 2 - 3 slices and chop them finely.
  4. Wash the blueberries.
  5. Squeeze out the lemons.
  6. Put the chopped pears and the blueberries in a pot and mix them with the sugar, pectin (if needed), lemon juice and cinnamon.
  7. Let it all rest for at least 3 hours (you can also let it rest overnight).
  8. Heat the mixture up and stir it all constantly to prevent it from burning.
  9. When the fruits have come to a rolling boil, let it all cook rapidly for 4 minutes.
  10. Pour the jam in jars and immediately close the lids tightly.
  11. Once it's cool, the jam is ready for consumption.

Notes

This is not only a great addition to your breakfast table but also makes a good spread for a quick Victoria sponge roll.

All of the above recipes make 6 jars à 1/4 l and are shelf-stable for up to 1 year. If your family is anything like mine, however, none of these pear jam variations will last that long 😄.

Now it’s your turn! Which of these pear jam variations are you most excited to try? I’d love to know if you lean toward the warm spices of autumn, the sophisticated Riesling version, or the herbaceous rosemary combination. And if you create your own variation, please share—I’m always looking for new flavour inspiration!

Want more jam-making inspiration? Check these out:

Strawberry Jams with a Twist.